Study on the Thermospheric Density Distribution Pattern during Geomagnetic Activity

The atmospheric density of the thermosphere is a fundamental parameter for spacecraft launch and orbit control. Under magnetic storm conditions, thermospheric experiences significant fluctuations, which have negative impact on Exploring during geomagnetic storms can help to mitigate effects such events. Research inversion accelerometer measurements different satellites variations under extreme conditions still in its infancy. In this paper, distribution three investigated from results Swarm-C accelerometer. Three major their recovery phases are selected as case studies. obtained by separated into day night regions. empirical orthogonal function analysis method used study spatiotemporal storms. indicate that more nighttime density. temporal considerable. first-order (EOF) time coefficient value after largest, reaching 2–3 times before storm. mainly reflected distribution. spatial less affected relatively stable short term. than daytime regions, response regions slower.